Non Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy
Definition
Inflammation and degeneration of the achilles tendon in the midsubstance 2 - 6 cm from insertion
Inflammation and degeneration of the achilles tendon in the midsubstance 2 - 6 cm from insertion
Adult form
- 45 year old females
- more severe than Kohler's
Intense pain +/- oedema & inflammation
- often pronounced limp
- marked flat foot with prominant navicular
Navicular narrowed
- lateral part dense, sclerotic & thin
- occasional fracture line
Rare
- unilateral
- bilateral
Compression
Lateral Compression
Rotation
Skull base pain
Cock Robin
Cranial nerve injury
Type I
Impaction of a condyle
Isolated posterior ligament injuries
- PLL / Posterior interspinous ligament / Paraspinal muscles
Excludes fracture / dislocation / HNP
MVA
Sport
Hyperflexion injuries
Large spectrum clinical presentation
- neck ache
- nausea & vomiting
- headache
- visual symptoms
Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome
CRPS 1
Sympathetically mediated pain syndrome
- excessive or exaggerated response of extremity to injury, surgery or disease
Manifested by
- intense or unduly prolonged pain
- vasomotor disturbances
- trophic changes
- delayed functional recovery
CRPS 2
Knee > Hip
- superficial position
- limited cover of well vascularised muscle
- watershed area of skin blood supply anterior to the skin incision
- much increased in fully constrained prosthesis
Ideal < 1%
Increased with
- revision
- prior infection
- RA / Psoriatic arthropathy
- DM
Period of pain relief after disc surgery
- followed by increasing back pain & occasional leg pain
Pain may be disproportionate to physical findings
Low grade fever common
SLR & femoral stretch tests elicit pain in some cases
Complain of pain with prolonged standing
Complain feet tire easily
Overall alignment
Heel raises
Adolescents & young adults
Usually between 12 - 21 years
Throwing athletes / gymnasts
Little Leaguer's Elbow
- combination of capitellar OCD and MCL injury
- a repetitive throwing injury / seen in pitchers
1. Trauma & Overuse
Common throwing sports / gymnastics
Most common in lateral meniscus 9:1
Peak incidence 20-40
Probably 2° to infiltration of joint fluid into extra-articular tissues
- almost always associated with horizontal cleavage tear
- creates a flap valve in lateral 1/3 of LM
Usually present with pain
- activity related
May notice lump