etiology

Definition

Inflammation and degeneration of the achilles tendon in the midsubstance 2 - 6 cm from insertion

Definition

Loss of ligamentous stability between atlas and axis

Can cause impingement of the spinal cord

Etiology

Definition

Acute dislocation of the atlanto-axial facet joint

Present with acute torticollis

Etiology

Children

Femoral Neck Stress Fractures

Aetiology

Athletes with increase activity / distance

Women with eating disorders /  amenorrhea

Types

Compression / inferior neck

- < 50% protective weight bear

- > 50% emergent ORIF

Tension side / superior neck

- emergent ORIF

Epidemiology

Ranges

- up to 4%

Clinical

Focal pain

- typically anterolateral thigh

- often tender

- corresponds to tip of stem

Aetiology

1.  Instability

Types

- early

- late / failed bony ingrowth

Cause

- micromotion at distal stem

Definition

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Pathology

Results from excessive activation of either extrinsic or intrinsic coagulation pathway

- multiple small clots 

- consumptive coagulopathy

1.  Excessive Extrinsic Activation

Secondary to extensive cellular destruction

- thromboplastins +++ released into circulation

Definition

Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome

CRPS 1

Sympathetically mediated pain syndrome

- excessive or exaggerated response of extremity to injury, surgery or disease

Manifested by

- intense or unduly prolonged pain

- vasomotor disturbances

- trophic changes

- delayed functional recovery

CRPS 2

Incidence

Most common of the bleeding disorders

- 1:100

Function

vWF            

- needed for platelet adhesion and platelet-platelet interactions

- also carrier for factor VIII / protects it from rapid breakdown

Aetiology

Gene on chromosome 12

1.  Reduced production VWF

Indications

1.  Loosening
2.  Infection
3.  Instability
4.  Periprosthetic fracture