grading
Flexor Pulley Ruptures
Anatomy
5 Annular pulleys
3 Cruciate pulleys
Pathology
A1 and A5 expendable
Loss of other annular pulleys can lead to bowstringing
- A2 & A4 +/- A3
Aetiology
Rock climbers
- usually when slipping
May hear or feel a pop
Develop swelling / tenderness / pain
Bowstringing
Turf Toe
Definition
Hyper-dorsiflexion injury to 1st MTP joint
Management
Grade 1 - Mild sprain
Symptoms
- minimal swelling / ecchymosis
Management
- return to play immediately
- RICE / NSAIDS
Grade 2 Partial tear plantar plate
Symptoms
Partial thickness tears
Clinical
Pain & Stiffness
- often more pain than FT tears
Bursal side tears more painful than articular
Articular side more common
May see in young patient overhead throwing
Examination
Painful arc
Impingement signs
No weakness
- function good
Chondrosarcoma
Definition
Malignant cartilage producing tumour
Epidemiology
20% of primary bone tumours
3rd most common
- 1 in 500 000
Relatively non-aggressive / usually Grade I
Average age 40
Male > Females
Two Distinct Types
1. Primary Chondrosarcoma
Arises de novo
Acute lateral ankle sprain
Definition
Partial or complete rupture of one or parts of lateral ligaments of ankle
- common ankle sprain
Epidemiology
Lateral ligaments sprains are the most common ligamentous injuries of the human body
- account for approximately 15% of all athletic injuries
- it is estimated that there is one ankle inversion injury per day per 10,000 people
Most common young males
- average age 27