medial

 Medial Malleolar Fractures

Epidemiology

Isolated medial malleolus fractures 3% of ankle fractures

Herscovici Classification

Type A: Avulsion

Type B: Between tip and plafond

Type C: At level of plafond

Type D: Vertical fracture

Medial femoral condyle

Technique

Arthroscope in lateral portal

Clear fat pad

Ensure can see entire dimensions of OCD

If fragment is displaced, reduce and pin with accessory K wire

Epidemiology

Rare

Types

Medial

- 80%

- calcaneum dislocated medially

Lateral

- 20%

- higher energy injury

Approaches

Anterior

Anterolateral

Lateral

Posterior

Medial

Anterior Approach / Smith Peterson

Indications

- neonatal hip sepsis

- open reduction hip DDH

Techique

Position

- supine

- sandbag under buttock

- free drape leg

Landmarks

Approaches

Medial Parapatellar

Medial

Lateral

Posterior

Modified Posterior

Medial Parapatellar Approach

Indications

Synovectomy 

Patellectomy 

TKR

Technique