acute

Epidemiology

Middle age men

Steroids / Growth Hormone

Aetiology

Usually occurs in gym

Bench Press

Clinical

Significant bruising in the acute phase

In chronic setting, ask patient to adduct against hip / resistance

Mechanism

1. Direct lateral blow to patella

- usually with knee partly flexed and quadriceps relaxed

2.  Indirect low energy injury

Definition

Paronychia is skin around nail plate

Eponychia is skin covering base of nail plate

Pathology

1.  Due to foreign material between nail plate and paronychium 

2.  By hang nail traumatising paronychium

Aetiology

Acute

- typically polymicrobial 

- aerobes and anaerobes

Definition

Dorsal Intercalated Segmental Instability / CID

Anatomy

Scapholunate joint

- C shaped

- 2-3 mm thick dorsally with transverse fibres

- thin palmar

Dorsal extrinsic ligaments

- V shaped, onto trapezium

Epidemiology

Rare 

- 2% of acute dislocations

Often missed

- < 1/ 52 25%

- < 6/52 25%

- < 6/12 25%

- > 6/12 25%

Aetiology

Epidemiology

Most common form of shoulder instability

- young males 

- M:F = 2:1

Aetiology

Indirect ER and abduction moment on arm

- disruption of anterior stabilisers

History

Initial injury

- severe pain in shoulder

Anatomy

3 primary stabilizers (plus posterolateral capsule)

LCL / Popliteus / Popliteofibular ligament

Laprade et al. AJSM 2003

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14623649/

1.  Lateral collateral ligament

Femoral attachment

Definition

Infection of bone 2° blood-borne bacteria

Epidemiology

Most common children

- peak 10 years

True haematogenous OM rare in adults

- usually involves spine

M: F 2:1

Site

Most common femur & tibia