Medial
Extra-articular
Bursitis (pes anserinus / semimembranosus)
Medial gastrocnemius strain/tear
VMO avulsion
Infrapatellar branch saphenous nerve entrapment
Subcutaneous trauma / infection
Intra-articular
Soft tissue
- MCL / medial meniscal tear or cyst / MPFL rupture / synovitis
Bone
- AVN / OA / RA / fracture / OCD / infection / tumour
Synovium
- PVNS, synovial chondromatosis. lipoma arborescens
RA , seronegative inflammatory conditions
Gout / Pseudogout
Lateral
Extra-articular
ITB
Intra-articular
Lateral meniscus tear
Discoid meniscus
Anterior
Trauma
Fracture / bipartite patella
Quads / patella rupture
Overuse
- quads / patella tendinitis / jumper's knee
- bursitis
- ITB syndrome
- quads / patellar tendon rupture
Hoffa's syndrome / fat pad impingement
PFJ OA
PFJ dysplasia
- LPPS / patella tilt
- patella instability
- CMP
- patella alta / baja
PCL Insufficiency
Paediatric
- traction apophysitis
Hip