posterior approach
Humeral Shaft Fracture
Non operative Management
Indications
< 20o sagittal
< 30o coronal
< 3 cm of shortening
Options
Thoraco Lumbar Fracture
Xray Assessment
A: Alignment
B: Bony
C: Canal
D: Disc
S: Soft tissues
Goals of surgery
1. Correct deformity
2. Restore stability
3. Decompress neural elements if required
MRI
Advantage
- defines level of conus
- may need anterior rather than posterior surgery if lesion above conus
Thoracic Disc Disease
Epidemiology
0.05% incidence
- rare due to stabilising effect of rib cage
- even more rare to have symptoms
Reasoning
1. Discs are narrower
2. Foramina larger
3. Thoracic spine
- facet joints orientated for rotation
- lumbar spine for flexion extension
- flexion is typically the motion which ruptures annulus
Anatomy