CT
Ossification posterior longitunal ligament (OPLL)
Definition
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL)
Heterotopic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament
Epidemiology
2:1 Male:Female
More common in Japanese and East Asian populations
Articular process fractures
Articular process fracture
Natural history
Superior articular process fracture
- potentially unstable
Inferior articular process fracture
- thought to be more stable
CT scan
Atlanto-axial instability
Definition
Loss of ligamentous stability between atlas and axis
Can cause impingement of the spinal cord
Etiology
Background
Indications
RA
OA
AVN
Contra-indications
Infection
Charcot
Paralysis of deltoid
Torn rotator cuff
Insufficient glenoid bone stock
Osteoarthritis
Epidemiology
Usually after 50-60 years of age
Aetiology
Primary 90% of cases
Secondary
- AVN
- trauma
- instability
Pathology
Femoral neck stress fractures
Femoral Neck Stress Fractures
Aetiology
Athletes with increase activity / distance
Women with eating disorders / amenorrhea
Types
Compression / inferior neck
- < 50% protective weight bear
- > 50% emergent ORIF
Tension side / superior neck
- emergent ORIF
Hoffa fracture
Definition
Coronal plane fracture of distal femoral condyle
- intra-articular
- often only attachment is posterior capsule
Epidemiology
Rare
Mechanism
Usually a severe valgus trauma
Xray